/* Personal research studio — warm, readable, and deliberately lightweight. */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body { margin: 0; min-width: 320px; }
button, input, select { font: inherit; }
button, a { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; }
img { max-width: 100%; }
a { color: inherit; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
button:focus-visible, a:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid #a45038; outline-offset: 4px; }
[hidden] { display: none !important; }
:root {
  --studio-paper: #f7f4ee;
  --studio-white: #fffdf9;
  --studio-ink: #2d332f;
  --studio-muted: #646960;
  --studio-rust: #a45038;
  --studio-rust-dark: #823b29;
  --studio-sage: #657c68;
  --studio-line: #dadbd1;
  --studio-serif: Georgia, "Songti SC", SimSun, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --studio-sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;
}
body { padding-top: 88px; }
.studio-header { position: fixed; inset: 0 0 auto; z-index: 50; background: rgba(247,244,238,.97); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--studio-line); font-family: var(--studio-sans); }
.studio-header__inner { max-width: 1320px; min-height: 87px; margin: auto; padding: 0 44px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; }
.studio-brand { color: var(--studio-ink); font: 34px/1.1 var(--studio-serif); text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.studio-brand:hover { color: var(--studio-rust); text-decoration: none; }
.studio-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 24px; margin-left: auto; }
.studio-nav a { position: relative; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 48px; color: var(--studio-ink); font-size: 22px; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.studio-nav a::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 1px; height: 2px; background: var(--studio-rust); transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left; transition: transform .18s; }
.studio-nav a:hover::after, .studio-nav a[aria-current]::after { transform: scaleX(1); }
.studio-nav a:hover { color: var(--studio-rust); }
.studio-menu { display: none; position: relative; }
.studio-menu summary { list-style: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 10px 0 10px 14px; font-size: 20px; color: var(--studio-ink); }
.studio-menu summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.studio-menu summary span { display: inline-block; margin-left: 14px; font-size: 24px; }
.studio-menu[open] summary span { transform: rotate(45deg); }
.studio-menu nav { position: absolute; right: 0; top: calc(100% + 16px); display: grid; min-width: 230px; padding: 16px; border: 1px solid var(--studio-line); border-radius: 8px; background: var(--studio-white); box-shadow: 0 14px 35px #2d332f16; }
.studio-menu nav a { padding: 12px; font-size: 20px; color: var(--studio-ink); text-decoration: none; }
.studio-menu nav a:hover { background: var(--studio-paper); color: var(--studio-rust); }
.studio-header a:focus-visible, .studio-menu summary:focus-visible, .home-page a:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--studio-rust); outline-offset: 5px; border-radius: 2px; }
.studio-skip { position: fixed; top: -100px; left: 20px; padding: 12px 20px; background: var(--studio-ink); color: white; z-index: 100; font: 16px var(--studio-sans); }
.studio-skip:focus { top: 8px; }
.home-view { background: var(--studio-paper); color: var(--studio-ink); padding-bottom: 0; margin-bottom: 0; font: 18px/1.65 var(--studio-sans); }
.home-view #main.home-page { float: none; max-width: 1320px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 44px; clear: both; animation: none; }
.home-page *, .studio-header * { box-sizing: border-box; }
.home-page h1, .home-page h2, .home-page h3, .home-page p { margin: 0; }
.home-page h1, .home-page h2, .home-page h3 { color: var(--studio-ink); font-weight: 400; }
.home-page h2 { font: 42px/1.2 var(--studio-serif); letter-spacing: -.8px; }
.home-page h3 { font-family: var(--studio-serif); }
.home-page a { color: inherit; }
.home-page em { color: var(--studio-rust); font-style: normal; }
.home-page .home-eyebrow { font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--studio-sage); }
.home-button { display: inline-flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 24px; min-height: 52px; padding: 12px 22px; border-radius: 5px; color: #fff !important; background: var(--studio-rust); text-decoration: none; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; transition: background .2s, transform .2s; }
.home-button:hover { color: #fff; background: var(--studio-rust-dark); text-decoration: none; transform: translateY(-2px); }
.home-text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; min-height: 44px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--studio-rust); text-decoration: none; font-size: 16px; }
.home-text-link:hover { color: var(--studio-rust); text-decoration: none; }
.home-education { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.home-education li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 123px 1fr; gap: 24px; margin: 0; padding: 24px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--studio-line); }
.home-education li:first-child { padding-top: 4px; }
.home-education li > span { font-size: 12px; padding-top: 6px; color: var(--studio-rust); }
.home-education h3 { font: 20px/1.5 var(--studio-serif); }
.home-education p { font-size: 14px; color: var(--studio-muted); margin-top: 8px; }
/* Shared navigation, page layouts, and bilingual typography. */
.studio-controls { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 20px; }
.language-switch { display: flex; align-items: center; border: 1px solid var(--studio-line); border-radius: 5px; padding: 3px; gap: 2px; }
.language-switch a { min-width: 36px; min-height: 36px; padding: 6px 8px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1; color: var(--studio-muted); border-radius: 3px; white-space: nowrap; }
.language-switch a[aria-current] { background: var(--studio-ink); color: var(--studio-white); }
.language-switch a:hover { background: #e9ede3; color: var(--studio-ink); }
.language-switch a[aria-current]:hover { background: var(--studio-ink); color: white; }
.site-feedback { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font-size: 13px; }
.site-feedback__like { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; padding: 8px 14px; border: 1px solid #d8c5ba; border-radius: 5px; color: var(--studio-rust); background: transparent; cursor: pointer; font-size: 13px; }
.site-feedback__like:disabled { cursor: default; }
.site-feedback__like[aria-pressed="true"] { background: #f5e9e1; }
.site-feedback__count { font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.site-feedback__status { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; color: var(--studio-muted); font-size: 11px; }
.site-feedback noscript { display: block; width: 100%; }
#like-heart { font-size: 19px; line-height: 1; }
.site-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--studio-line); padding: 32px 0; }
.site-footer__inner { max-width: 1320px; padding: 0 44px; margin: auto; display: flex; align-items: start; justify-content: space-between; gap: 32px; color: var(--studio-muted); font-size: 12px; }
.footer-name { font: 25px var(--studio-serif); color: var(--studio-ink); text-decoration: none; }
.site-footer p { margin: 7px 0 0; }
.footer-copyright { font-size: 11px; }
.footer-meta { text-align: right; }
.footer-meta > a { font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; }
.footer-meta .site-feedback { justify-content: end; margin-top: 14px; }
.inner-page { padding-bottom: 72px !important; }
.page-intro { padding: 68px 0 48px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--studio-line); }
.home-page .page-intro h1 { margin: 16px 0 18px; font: 58px/1.15 var(--studio-serif); letter-spacing: -1.6px; }
.page-intro > p:not(.home-eyebrow) { color: var(--studio-muted); max-width: 720px; }
.page-intro .contribution-note { margin-top: 20px; font-size: 13px; }
.year-nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; margin-top: 30px; }
.year-nav a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 42px; padding: 7px 17px; border: 1px solid var(--studio-line); border-radius: 4px; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; }
.year-nav a:hover { background: var(--studio-ink); color: var(--studio-white); }
.publication-year { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 135px 1fr; gap: 40px; padding: 42px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--studio-line); scroll-margin-top: 110px; }
.publication-year > h2 { font: 38px/1.25 var(--studio-serif); color: var(--studio-sage); }
.publication { padding: 0 0 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e3d9; }
.publication:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; margin-bottom: 0; border-bottom: none; }
.publication-journal { font-size: 13px; color: var(--studio-rust); }
.publication-journal span { margin-left: 8px; color: var(--studio-muted); }
.publication h3 { font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 10px 0 13px; }
.publication h3 a { text-decoration: none; }
.publication h3 a:hover { color: var(--studio-rust); }
.publication h3 a > span { color: var(--studio-rust); white-space: nowrap; }
.publication .publication-authors { color: var(--studio-muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.8; }
.publication-authors strong { color: var(--studio-ink); font-weight: 600; }
.publication .publication-summary { margin-top: 15px; color: var(--studio-muted); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.85; }
.software-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 26px; padding: 42px 0; }
.software-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding: 30px; background: var(--studio-white); border: 1px solid #e2dfd5; border-radius: 8px; }
.software-card__top { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 18px; align-items: center; }
.software-card__top > span { font: 25px var(--studio-serif); color: #95a58e; }
.home-page .software-card h2 { font-size: 35px; margin: 20px 0 15px; }
.software-card > p { color: var(--studio-muted); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; }
.software-card ul { padding-left: 20px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--studio-muted); margin: 20px 0 25px; }
.software-card li { padding: 3px 0; }
.software-card li::marker { color: var(--studio-sage); }
.software-links { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; margin-top: auto; padding-top: 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--studio-line); font-size: 14px; }
.software-links a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--studio-rust); }
.software-links a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.software-more { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 35px; padding: 36px; background: #e9ede3; border-radius: 8px; }
.software-more h2 { font-size: 29px; margin: 12px 0; }
.software-more p:not(.home-eyebrow) { color: var(--studio-muted); font-size: 15px; }
.software-more a { flex-shrink: 0; }
.print-button { border: none; padding: 0 0 4px; margin-top: 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--studio-rust); color: var(--studio-rust); background: transparent; font-size: 15px; cursor: pointer; }
.cv-section { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr; gap: 45px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--studio-line); padding: 42px 0; }
.cv-section > h2 { font-size: 29px; }
.cv-section .home-education li:last-child { border: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.home-education .education-detail { margin-top: 9px; font-size: 13px; }
.cv-prose { color: var(--studio-muted); font-size: 16px; }
.cv-prose p + p { margin-top: 15px; }
.cv-skills { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 26px 40px; margin: 0; }
.cv-skills dt { margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 17px; }
.cv-skills dd { margin: 0; color: var(--studio-muted); font-size: 15px; }
.cv-awards { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.cv-awards li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 60px 1fr; gap: 22px; margin-bottom: 18px; font-size: 16px; }
.cv-awards li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.cv-awards span { color: var(--studio-rust); font-size: 14px; padding-top: 2px; }
.cv-links { display: flex; gap: 30px; padding-top: 32px; }
.cv-print-heading { display: none; }
.not-found { max-width: 800px; margin: auto; padding: 50px 24px; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .home-page h2 { line-height: 1.45; letter-spacing: 0; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .home-page h3 { line-height: 1.5; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .home-eyebrow { letter-spacing: 1.4px; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .page-intro h1 { font-size: 50px; line-height: 1.4; letter-spacing: 1px; }
@media (max-width: 1120px) {
  .studio-nav { display: none; }
  .studio-menu { display: block; }
  .studio-controls { margin-left: auto; }
}
@media (max-width: 1050px) {
  .studio-header__inner { padding: 0 30px; }
  .home-view #main.home-page { padding: 0 30px; }
  .home-button { font-size: 14px; gap: 15px; padding: 11px 17px; }
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .home-page h2 { font-size: 34px; }
  .home-education li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .cv-section { grid-template-columns: 170px 1fr; gap: 25px; }
  .cv-skills { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .publication-year { grid-template-columns: 90px 1fr; gap: 25px; }
  .software-more { align-items: start; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }
}
@media (max-width: 620px) {
  body { padding-top: 74px; }
  .home-view #main.home-page { padding: 0 22px; }
  .home-page h2 { font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -.5px; }
  .home-page .home-eyebrow { font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; }
  .home-text-link { font-size: 14px; }
  .home-education li { grid-template-columns: 110px 1fr; gap: 12px; padding: 23px 0; }
  .home-education h3 { font-size: 17px; }
  .home-education p { font-size: 12px; }
  .home-education li > span { font-size: 11px; }
  .studio-controls { gap: 10px; }
  .language-switch a { font-size: 11px; min-width: 31px; padding: 6px; }
  .studio-menu summary { font-size: 14px; padding-left: 0; }
  .studio-menu summary span { margin-left: 5px; font-size: 20px; }
  .studio-header__inner { gap: 10px; padding: 0 22px; min-height: 73px; }
  .studio-brand { font-size: 26px; }
  .studio-menu nav { top: calc(100% + 22px); }
  .site-footer__inner { padding: 0 22px; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }
  .footer-meta { text-align: left; }
  .footer-meta .site-feedback { justify-content: start; }
  .inner-page { padding-bottom: 44px !important; }
  .page-intro { padding: 38px 0 30px; }
  .home-page .page-intro h1 { font-size: 42px; letter-spacing: -1px; }
  .page-intro > p:not(.home-eyebrow) { font-size: 16px; }
  .page-intro .contribution-note { font-size: 12px; }
  .year-nav { gap: 8px; margin-top: 24px; }
  .year-nav a { font-size: 13px; padding: 6px 13px; }
  .publication-year { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; padding: 30px 0; scroll-margin-top: 94px; }
  .publication-year > h2 { font-size: 30px; }
  .publication h3 { font-size: 21px; }
  .publication-journal, .publication .publication-authors { font-size: 12px; }
  .publication .publication-summary { font-size: 14px; }
  .software-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 30px 0; gap: 20px; }
  .software-card { padding: 24px; }
  .software-card > p { font-size: 15px; }
  .software-more { padding: 25px; }
  .software-more h2 { font-size: 26px; }
  .cv-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; padding: 30px 0; }
  .cv-section > h2 { font-size: 28px; }
  .cv-awards li { grid-template-columns: 42px 1fr; gap: 17px; font-size: 15px; }
  .cv-links { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px; }
  html[lang="zh-CN"] .home-page .page-intro h1 { font-size: 37px; }
}
@media (max-width: 360px) {
  .studio-header__inner { padding: 0 16px; }
  .studio-brand { font-size: 24px; }
  .studio-controls { gap: 8px; }
}

/* Small, finite movements keep the page calm once the content has arrived. */
.software-card {
  transition: transform .35s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), box-shadow .35s, border-color .35s;
}
.home-button > span, .home-text-link > span { transition: transform .3s; }
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .software-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    border-color: #b7bfad;
    box-shadow: 0 16px 35px -14px #2d332f28;
  }
  .home-button:hover > span, .home-text-link:hover > span { transform: translate(2px, -2px); }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { animation: none !important; transition: none !important; }
  .software-card:hover, .home-button:hover,
  .home-button:hover > span, .home-text-link:hover > span { transform: none; }
}
@media print {
  *, *::before, *::after { animation: none !important; transition: none !important; }
  .cv-print-heading { display: block; margin-bottom: 20px; }
  .cv-print-heading strong { font: 25pt var(--studio-serif); }
  .cv-print-heading p { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 10pt; }
  body { padding-top: 0; }
  .studio-header, .studio-skip, .site-footer, .print-button, .cv-links { display: none !important; }
  .home-view { background: white; color: #222; font-size: 11pt; }
  .home-view #main.home-page { padding: 0; max-width: none; }
  .page-intro { padding: 0 0 20px; }
  .home-page .page-intro h1 { font-size: 30pt; }
  .cv-section { grid-template-columns: 150px 1fr; gap: 20px; padding: 22px 0; break-inside: avoid; }
  .cv-section > h2 { font-size: 18pt; }
  .home-education li { padding: 12px 0; }
  .cv-skills { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  a { text-decoration: none; }
}